Cognitive Functions Assessment among Type 2 Diabetics with and without Diabetic Foot

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Saudi Arabia ranked among the top 10 countries in the worlds with the highest prevalence of T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional case control study for patients with T2DM divided into two groups; group 1 with diabetic foot and group 2 without diabetic foot. We evaluated their cognitive function using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and also we assessed severity of diabetic foot by using Wagner’s classification to compare the results between both groups. Our goal is to assess the relation between diabetic foot and cognitive impairment. Result: Total of 102 patients participated, with mean age of 56.39 years; duration of T2DM is 14.69 years (SD 9.2), and 58.8% were male. 66.7% of the screened patients have normal cognitive function, 15.7% have mild, and 17.6 % have moderate cognitive impairment. Diabetic foot group were more likely to have moderate cognitive impairment and significantly more likely to use aspirin than non-diabetic foot group. The severity of diabetic foot didn’t affect the MMSE score. Conclusion: T2DM patients with diabetic foot tend to be male, older, and have longer duration of T2DM. There was non-statically significance in regards to the MMSE score between groups. Those with diabetic foot were non-significantly more likely to score lower in the mean total MMSE score and were more likely to have moderate cognitive impairment compared to those without diabetic foot.